Filed under gair vargikrit
pichhale 6 mah men mainne red (grep) vain aur hard eppal saidar banane par kaee prayog kiye jo adhikatar safal rahe aur falasvaroop ghar par ek sasti, thikathak svad vali v poornataya jaivik vain upalabdh huyi. yadi kanoon kee bat karen to svayan, parivar evan mitraon ke upabhog ke liye ghar par vain banana poornatah vaidhanik hai, bas ise becha nahin ja sakata hai usake liye aabakari vibhag se laeesens lene kee aavashyakata hoti hai. gunavatta ke mamale men ye vain bharatiy bajar men upamabdh kisi bhi ru 300/750 mili aur yooropiyan bazar men upamabdh kisi bhi 4 yooro/750 mili se sasti vain se behatar hoti hai. to aaiye janate hain ise banane ki apekshaaakrit saral aur suvidhajanak vidhi:-
aavashyak samagri: tropikana 100% red grep joos (4 litar), taja angoor (250 gram), chini ya shahad (400 gram), ek achchhi tarah se band ho sakane vala plastik ka jariken (5 litar)
any vaikalpik samagri: red vain yist, vain karbaoy
kinvan samay: 2 se 3 saptah
paripakvan samay: 2 se 6 mah
taiyar red vain: 4 litar
elkohol pratishat: 10 se 12 % (vishisht ghanatv dvara anumanit pariman)
lagat: 70 se 100 ru prati 750 mili litara
yahan bataee gayi vidhi ka uddeshy sarvashraeshth vain nahin balki sabase aasani se banaee ja sakane vali ausat vain hai. angoor ko masalakar usase ras nikalane kee jhanjhat se bachane ke liye ek saral upay hai ki bajar men upalabdh parishkrit red grep joos (jaise tropikana, riyal, freshagold aadi) prayog kiya jay. yahan dhyan dene yogy bat yah hai ki joos men koee bhi prizarvetiv nahin mila ho aur achchhe parinam ke liye 100% froot joos hi prayog karen. samanyataya joos men 150 se 160 gram prati litar sharkara hoti hai. jabaki kinvan ke falasvaroop paryapt matraaa men elkohol banane ke liye matridrav men sharkara kee matraaa lagabhag 250 gram prati litar honi chahie. isakee aapoorti joos men upayukt matraaa men chini ya shahad mila kar poori kee ja sakati hai. prayog men laee jane vali sabhi vastuon kee safaee ka dhyan dene kee vishesh aavashyakata hoti hai. isake liye poore prakram men keval svachchh jal (aar. o. vatar yadi upalabdh ho to) prayog men layen. sarvapratham sabhi bartanon ko garm pani se dho len. tatpashchat 4 litar joos aur 400 gram chini ya shahad ko 5 li ke plastik ke jariken men dlakar achchhi tarah se hilae taki sharkara bhali bhanti ghul jay. shahad yadyapi chini se mahanga hota hai parantu apekshaaakrit behatar vain banata hai. ab isamen yadi upalabdh hon to vain yist athava kuchh taje dhule huye angoor masalakar kar dal den aur ek bar fir se achchhi tarah se hilayen. angoor kee khal men jangali yist hota hai jo ki ras ke kinvan men bhag leta hai. isake bad jariken ko achchhi tarah se band kar den taki hava andar n ja sake; sath hi is bat ka bhi dhyan rakhen ki kinvan ke falasvaroop banane vali karban dee aoksaid dhire dhire ris kar bahar nikal sake. kinvan ke liye upayukt tapaman 18 se 24 digri sentigred hota hai atah patra ko andhere v thande sthan par kinvan ke liye rakh den. 2 se 4 din ke bhitar kinvan shuroo ho jata hai aur karban dee aoksaid ke bulabule aur drav satah par upasthit jhag dekha ja sakata hai. har 2-3 din men patra ka avalokan karate rahen aur yah sunishchit kar len ki karban dee aoksaid gais bahar nikal pa rahi hai. karib 3 saptah men gais ke bulabule dikhana band hon jate hain aur usake karib 1 saptah bad yani kul 1 mah ke bad prathamik kinvan sanpann ho jata hai. ab vain ko plastik ke patra se saifan dvara nikal kar (taki niche baitha avasad vichalit n ho) kanch kee baotalon men paripakvan ke liye rakha ja sakata hai. kinvan ke dauran bana elkohol paripakvan ke samay vain men bachi sharkara v any avayavon se ghul milakar ek achchhi vain ko janm deta hai. paripakvan ke liye bhi saman thande aur andhere vatavaran ka prayog karana chahie. paripakvan ka samay nyoonatam 2 mah se adhikatam 6 mah tak ho sakata hai. isase adhik samay tak paripakvan se vain ke aoksikaran ka khatara rahata hai jisake falasvaroop vain sirake (Vinegar) men parivartit hone lagati hai aur pine yogy nahin bachati. niche die gae chitra men kinvan patra aur paripakvan ke rakhi gayi baotalen dekhi ja sakati hain.
kinvan aur paripakvan ke pashchat taiyar vain ke upabhog se poorv ek aur gunavatta parikshan kee aavashyakata hai. sarvapratham ise soonghakar dekhen ki isamen se vain kee hi mahak aa rahi hai any koee tikhi, aapattijanak ya sadan kee nahin. yadi sab thik hai to fir isaka svad lekar dekhen. samanyatah hone vali kamiyon men se pramukh hain vain ka adhik mitha hona, adhik khatta hona ya kharab svad hona. vain adhik mithi hone ka karan hai kinvan poora hone se poorv hi yist nishkriy hon jana, is vain ko pine yogy banane ke liye isamen svachchh jal milayen. vain ke khatte hone ka karan isaka aoksikaran hai jisase bachane ke liye sampoorn prakram men vain ke vayu se sanpark ko nyoonatam rakhana chahie. svad kharab hone ka arth hai ki kinvan ke dauran yist ke atirikt any baiktiriya bhi panapane laga hai, isase bachane ki liye safaee ka vishesh dhyan rakhane kee jaroorat hoti hai.
svadisht pakavan banane kee bhanti hi vain banana bhi ek kala hai jisamen maharath pane ke liye kaee prayog aur satat roochi evan vishvas kee aavashyakata hoti hai. jis prakar resepi padh kar sabhi log ek bar men shef nahin ban jate usi prakar vain banane men bhi parangat pane ke liye kaee prayas karane hote hain. safalata kee kunji hain roochi, lagan aur vishvas. isi vidhi ke prayog se any bina khatte (non-citrus) falon jaise seb, nashapati, aaloobukhara, ber, aadoo, lichi ityadi kee vain bhi banaee ja sakati hai.
yadi sabakuchh thikathak raha to aapakee pahali vain aapako mubarak. 
Filed under madiraon ke prakar
myoonikh (Munich or München) dakshain jarmani ka sabase bad shahar aur baveriya (Bavaria or Bayern) pradesh kee rajadhani hai. ek pramukh audyogik nagar hone ke sath hi yah duniya ke sabase bade biyar utsav oktobarfest (Oktoberfest) ke lie bhi jana jata hai. sitambar aur aktoobar mah men hone vale is utsav men duniya bhar se karib 50 se 60 lakh log is utsav ke liye banaee gaee vishisht biyar ka aanand lene yahan aate hain. isi karan se ise vishv kee biyar rajadhani (beer capital of the world) bhi kaha jata hai. gat mah main karib ek saptah ke lie myoonikh gaya tha jisase mujhe vahan kee biyar aur sanskriti ke bare bahut kuchh janane ko mila, to aaiye is post men prastut hai myoonikh biyar (Münchener Bier) kee kuchh khaaas baten.
jarmani aur khaaasakar baveriya men biyar lagabhag sabhyata jitani hi purani hai. yahan kee kaee bryoovari 500 se adhik varsh purani hain, aur kuchh to 800 se lagabhag 1000 varsh. audyogik star par badi matraaa men banaee jane vali lagar (lager) biyar se sambandhit bahut se anveshan aur prakram vikas kary myoonikh ke aasapas kee bryoovari aur yunivarsiti men hi huye. yahan par mukhyatah lagar biyar hi banaee jati hai aur biyar men bhinnata aur anoothapan lane ke bajay ek lagabhag niyat achchhe svad aur matraaa par adhik dhyan diya jata hai. isiliye yahan ke bar aur restraaan men 1 litar ya aadha litar ke biyar mag hi dekhane ko milate hain. biyar baotal bhi 330 mili ke bajay 500 mili kee hoti hai. biyar men elkohol pratishat samanyatah lagabhag 5 se 6 ke bich hota hai jabaki oktobarfest ke liye banayi jane vali biyar lagabhag 2% adhik sashakt hoti hai. isake atirikt myoonikh apane vishal biyar gardan (Biergarten) aur biyar hol ke liye bhi jana jata hai jinakee prachin kal se janasabhaon aur jan aandolan men ek pramukh bhoomika rahi hai. hitalar ke netritv men nazi parti dvara 1923 men kiya gaya asafal vidroh jo ki itihas men biyar hol puch (Beer Hall Putsch) ke nam se jana jata hai yahin ke ek biyar hol bargarabraookelar (Bürgerbräukeller) men huaa tha jo ki ab astitv men nahin hai. haufabrauhaus (Hofbräuhäus) ek aur biyar gardan hai joki vishv men sabase prasidd biyar hol kaha jata hai. aajakal myoonikh ke atirikt amerika, aostreliya, itali aadi kaee any deshon men isakee shakhaen hain. myoonikh shahar men lagabhag aadha darjan badi bryoovari hain aur sabhi men ek biyar gardana/hol hai. yahan kee pramukh bryoovari hain: aogastinarabraoo (Augustiner Bräu), haufabraoo (Hofbräu), polanar (Paulaner), lovenabraoo (Löwenbräu), haikar-shurr (Hacker-Pschorr) aur spaten-frainjiskanar braoo (Spaten-Franziskaner-Bräu). yahi bryoovari apane vishalakay tent oktobarfest men lagati hain jinamen utsav ke liye banaee gayi vishisht biyar pi ja sakati hai. isake alava kuchh any pramukh baveriyan biyar hain: beks (Beck’s), vihanastefanar (Weihenstephaner), eradingar (Erdinger), kraunbakar (Krombacher) aur aotinjar (Oettinger). inamen se vihanastefanar sanbhavatah vishv kee sabase purani bryoovari hai joki 1040 isavi se lagatar karyarat hai. aajakal yah takanikee yunivarsiti myoonikh (Technische Universität München, Weihenstephan) ka ek bhag hai aur biyar utpadan prakram ke vikas ke liye hone vale anusandhanon ke liye jani jati hai.
lagabhag sabhi bryoovari pramukh baveriyan stail biyar banati hain jiname mukhy hain:
pils (Pils) ya piljnar (Pilsner): sabase adhik matraaa men banane vali halke rang kee biyar joki chek ganarajy kee piljnar biyar kee pratiroop hai.
hel (Hell) ya helas (Helles): jarman men helas ka matalab halka hota hai, yah halke rang kee lagar biyar hai.
dankal (Dunkle): jarman men dankal ka arth hota hai gahara, atah ye bhune huye anaj ke bani gahare rang kee lagar biyar hai.
veyazen (Weizen): ye jau ke sthan par gehoon se banaee jane vali biyar hai aur yahan kee ek matra oopari kinvan (top fermenting) vali biyar hai. gehoon men bhoose kee matraaa kam hone ke karan isase bana matridrav (wort) adhik chipachipa aur gadha hota hai atah yah satat biyar utpadan ke prakram men samanyatah upayukt nahin mana jata hai. bhoosa sath hi biyar ka svanishpandan karake use paradarshi bhi banane ka kam karata hai. is sab ke bavajood gehoon kee biyar ke utpadan ka karan hai isaka ek alag tajagi bhara svad. paradarshi n hone ke karan ise vhaeet biyar (Weissbier) bhi kahate hain. halanki ab nae vikasit vishisht prakram se ise chhanit karake paradarshi bhi banaya ja sakata hai.
marjen (Märzen) aur aoktobarafestabiyar (Oktoberfestbier): ye mukhyatah utsav ke banaee jane vali biyar hai jise adhik samay tak rakhane ke uddeshy se ya to adhik elkohol ya adhik honps dl kar banaya jata hai.
elkoholafri (Alkoholfrei): jaisa ki nam se jahir hai, in biyar men se kinvan ke pashchat elkohol nikalakar usaka pratishat 0.5 % se kam ke star par laya jata hai. svad gandh ityadi men samany biyar se inamen koee bhinnata nahin hoti hai, aur ise kaee maukon par jab elkohol nahin chahie hota, piya ja sakata hai jaise ki sharirik shram ya khelane ke poorv ya turant bad aur gadi ya any bhari mashin chalane se poorv ya garbhavati mahilayen ityadi.
Filed under biyar, madiraon ke prakar
vaise to yoorop ke kaee deshon kee ginati biyar pradhan deshon men kee jati hai parantu beljiyam kee bat hi kuchh aur hai. isi vajah se beljiyam ko biyar ka svarg (Beer Paradise) kaha jata hai. pichhale mah mujhe beljiyam kee rajadhani brasels kee yatraaa ka avasar prapt huaa. yah post mukhyatah mere vahan jane se poorv kiye gaye anusandhan aur vahan jakar kiye gaye anubhav par aadharit hai. beljiyam pashchimi yoorop men, frans ke uttar, jarmani ke pashchim aur nidaralainds ke dakshain men sthit ek chhota desh hai. biyar ke atirikt beljiyam kee chokalet bhi vishv prasiddh hain, filahal is post men keval biyar kee hi charcha karenge.
beljiyam men badi biyar utpadak kampaniyon ke sath sath bahut si chhoti aur svatantra kampaniyan bhi hain. yahan karib 125 maikro-bryooveri hain jo 800 se adhik prakar kee biyar banati hain. yahan par kisi bar ke minoo men yadi 400 se adhik biyar mil jayen to isamen koee chaunkane vali bat nahin hai. deliriyam kefe men to 2000 se adhik brands kee biyar milati hain. beljiyan biyar men elkohal pratishat bhi any biyar kee tulana men adhik hota hai. 8-9% pratishat kee biyar milana kafi sadharan bat hai jabaki kuchh biyar men elkohal 11 ya 12 % bhi ho sakata hai. beljiyan biyar ke bare doosari asamany bat yah hai ki bahut si biyar paschuraisd aur poori tarah se chhanit nahin hoti jisase baotal men bhi unaka thod bahut kinvan jari rahata hai aur baotal ke tal men avasad (sediment) paya jata hai.
beljiyan biyar ko mukhyatah nimn vargon men bant sakate hain:
laimbik (Lambic): ise beljiyam kee sabase vishisht biyar kaha ja sakata hai. ye beljiyam kee sene ghati (Senne valley), jisamen brasels bhi sthit hai, ke vatavaran men maujood jangali yist ke kinvan se banaee jati hai tatha isamen prayukt hops bhi basi hote hain. samanyatah 3 se 5 varsh tak ise lakadi ke pipon men paripakvit kiya jata hai. inaka svad itana amliy aur khatta hota hai ki pahali bar bahut se log achambhit ho jate hain. aksar inhen kaee falon jaise cheri, stroberi aadi ke sath bhigo kar un falon ke svad par aadharit kiya jata hai. 1860 men luee paschar dvara yist ke vibhinn prakaron ke vikas se pahale sabhi biyar isi vidhi se banaee jati thin. laimbik biyar adhikanshatah shuddh roop men nahin pi jati hai aur yadi pi bhi jati hai to 1 ya 2 varsh tak paripakvan vali. mukhyatah do ya adhik varshon kee laimbik biyar ko milakar ya falon ke sath milakar inhen piya jata hai. alag alag varshon kee purani mishrait laimbik biyar ko goz (Geuze) kahate hain. isamen naee laimbik (kam varshon ke liye paripakvit) biyar men mithas aur falon ka svad deti hai jabaki purani laimbik biyar men khatas aur anootha svad lekar aati hai. goz sabase adhik bikane vali laimbik biyar hai. ise biyar kee duniya kee shaimpen bhi kahate hain. mort subait (Mort Subite), kaintilon (Cantillon) aur timaramans (Timmermans) kuchh pramukh goz brands hain. isake alava fairo (Faro), krik (Kriek) aur fraimbaozen (Frambozen) any laimbik biyar hain jo isamen kramashah chini, cheri aur respaberi mila kar banaee jati hain.
traipist aur aibi biyar (Trappist and Abbey Beers): traipist biyar beljiyam kee doosari sabase pramukh biyar hai. traipist ek roman kaithalik dharmik niyamavali hai jo ki sant benedikt ko manate hain. traipist biyar, traipist mahanton (Trappist monks) dvara athava unake niyantran vali bryoovari men banaee gayi biyar ko kahate hain. isake bare men yah kaha jata hai ki “Probably the only good thing to come out of religion” . duniya bhar men keval 7 traipist math (monasteries) biyar ka utpadan karate hain jinamen se 6 beljiyam men aur 1 nidaralainds men hai. akel (Achel), chime (Chimay), aorvel (Orval), rokafort (Rochefort), vestamal (Westmalle) aur vestavleteren (Westvleteren) beljiyam kee tatha la traip (La Trappe) nidaralainds kee traipist biyar hai. isake alava bahut si vyavasayik kampaniyan bhi kisi math (Abbey) se vastavik ya kalpanik sambandh hone ke aadhar par biyar banati hain jo traipist biyar se milati julati hoti hain inhen aibi (Abbey) biyar kahate hain. lafe (Leffe) aur grimabargan (Grimbergen) achchhi aibi biyar hain.
traipist aur aibi biyar men dabal (double), tripal (triple) aur kvadrapal (quadruple) mukhyatah biyar men elkohal kee matraaa ke pratik hote hain. dabal men jahan 6-8% elkohal hota hai vahin tripal men 7-11% aur kvadrapal men 10-12% elkohal hota hai. doosari or bland (blond) ya broon (bruin) biyar ke rang ko pradarshit karate hain.
braun el / red (Brown Ale / Red): ye uttari poorvi beljiyam kee pramukh biyar hai aur isakee svad men laimbik se kaee samanatayen hain. laimbik kee bhanti isake bhi kuchh prakar falon ke sath milakar banaye jate hain. charls kvint (Charles Quint/Keizer Karel) ek kafi prachalit braun el hai.
goldan el / bland (Golden Ale / blond): inaka rang halka lagabhag kisi bhi samany lagar biyar jaisa hota hai parantu elkohal 7-9% tak hota hai. duvel (Duvel) is varg kee ek pramukh biyar hai.
uparyukt biyar ke alava kuchh pramukh beljiyan lagar biyar hain stela aartois (Stella Artois), zoopilar (Jupiler), mas pils (Maes Pils) aur hogarden (Hoegaarden), jo ki sasti aur bade paimane par banaee jane vali biyar hain, falasvaroop inakee upalabdhata beljiyam ke bahar bhi kafi adhik hai. yadyapi inake svad aur sugandh men vividhata aur vishishtata kee kami hai.
beljiyan biyar ke bare men aur adhik janakari nimn paton par upalabdh hai:
biyar planet: is dukan par 800 se adhik prakar kee beljiyan biyar milati hain.
The Belgian Beer Odyssey: yahan par aap beljiyan biyar kee samikshaaa padh sakate hain. ab tak 100 biyar prastut kee ja chukee hain.
Belgian Beers: ek aur beljiyan biyar samikshaaa vebasait.
A Beginner’s Guide to Belgian Beer: beljiyan biyar ke bare men sankshaipt prarambhik janakari (is post ke kuchh tathy yahan se uddhrit hain)
Filed under biyar, madiraon ke prakar
is post men kuchh pramukh lagar biyar ke bare men janate hain. lagar biyar banane men aisa yist prayog men laya jata hai jo niche arthat matridrav ke satah men kinvan karata hai. yah apekshaaakrit kam tapaman par banaee jati hai jisase ki isamen eestar ityadi nahin banate hain aur biyar men falon jaisa svad nahin aa pata hai. 20 vin sadi ke madhy men satat kinvan vidhi ke vikasit hone se lagar biyar ka utpadan audyogik star par bahutayat men hone laga aur isane vyapar ke mamale men el biyar ko kahin pichhe chhod diya. jarman shabd ‘lagar’ ka arth hota hai ‘bhandran’. is biyar kee safalata ka raj isake svad men niyamitata, saf rang aur lambe samay tak sanchayit karake rakhe jane kee kshamata hai. lagar biyar ke prakar mukhyatah unake prathamik utpadan sthal ya vishisht vidhi ke nam par nirbhar karate hain.
pel lagar (Pale lager): halke pile se sunahare rang kee yah biyar sabase adhik banayi jane vali lagar hai. ise banane kee vidhi pel el ke utpadan se uddhrit hone ke karan ise pel lagar kahate hain. amerikee biyar badavaizar (jo ab bharat men bhi upalabdh hai) isi prakar kee biyar hai.
baok (Bock): baok ek strong lagar biyar hai jo sarvapratham 14vin sadi ke jarman shahar aainbek (Einbeck) men banaee jati thi. vahin se isaka nam pahale aainbaok (Einbock) aur fir baok pad. isaka rang samanyatah gahara kala, lal ya ambar hota hai aur ye samany biyar se adhik bhari hoti hai.
pilzanar (Pilsner): yah ek prakar kee pel lagar biyar hai jo chek ganarajy ke pilzen (Pilsen) shahar ke nam par aadharit hai. isamen hops ka svad pel lagar se kahin adhik aur alag hota hai. samanyatah vishisht pel lagar ko is shraeni me rakha jata hai. ise pils (Pils) bhi kahate hai.
dankal (Dunkel): yah staut biyar kee bhanti hi ek gahare rang kee malti (malty) biyar hai, antar bas itana ki yah lagar biyar hai. jarman men dankal (Dunkel) ka arth hai gahara (dark). yah jarmani ke myoonikh shahar kee paramparagat biyar hai.
isake alava amerikan stail lagar (American-style lager), viyana lagar (Vienna lager) ityadi kuchh any pramukh lagar biyar hain.
agali post beljiyan biyar ke bare men…
Filed under biyar, madiraon ke prakar
pichhale dinon maine purane british samrajy kee biyar ke bare men ek achchha lekh padha. yadi aap biyar par meri purani sabhi post padh chuke hain to yah lekh khasakar aapako pasand aayega. yah lekh do bhagon men likha gaya hai jahan pahale bhag men pel el ka jikr hai vahin doosare bhag men drk el biyar ke bare men bataya gaya hai. kul milakar yah kafi janakari aur rochak tathyon se bhara hai aur biyar prashansakon ko pasand aayega.
dilli pradesh audyogik evan avasanrachana vikas pradhikaran (Delhi State Industrial & Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd / DSIIDC) kee vebasait par upalabdh soochana ke anusar dilli pradesh men videshi aayatit madira (Imported Liquor) aur bharat men bani videshi madira (IMFL) ke dam niche diye gaye link par dekhe ja sakate hain.
aayatit madira :
http://www.dsiidc.org/dsidc/upload/ratefl.txt
aaee em ef el :
http://www.dsiidc.org/dsidc/upload/rate.txt
sath hi is vebasait par dilli sarakar dvara manyata prapt dukanon kee soochi bhi upalabdh hai.
http://www.dsiidc.org/dsidc/liquorshop.html
kisi bhi prakar kee aniyamitata ke liye is sait ke madhyam se shikayat bhi darj kee ja sakati hai.
uttar pradesh aabakari vibhag dvara nirdharit adhikatam madira mooly soochi yahan se dunalod kee ja sakati hai.
Filed under gair vargikrit
