Nikhilesh Das was awarded the fifth National Grassroots Innovation Award by the President of India, Smt Pratibha Patil, for his innovative research on controlling oil pollution in water. A student of Cotton College (BSc in Physics), Das aims to pursue a career in nuclear physics and bring the spirit of scientific innovation to students across India.
Das has been keenly interested in science since childhood. When he was just in class six he made an herbal repellant for cockroaches, which was quite effective. Throughout his school years he represented his school in a number of science exhibitions, debate, quiz and speech competitions, and won many prizes at the state level. Das invented an innovative solution to control oil pollution using waste products. Through experimentation, Das discovered that human hair, bird feathers, and sawdust are all 95% effective at removing oil from water in clinical trials.
Das submitted his proposal to the NIF (National Innovation Foundation), and in 2009 they selected his idea for the national level Science Exhibition. They also recommended it for the highly prestigious National Students Award. Das won the competition, and President Smt. Pratibha Devi Singh Patil of India presented him with the award. In 2011, NIF and Das applied to the Government of India for a patent on his inventions.
Das is currently pursuing a degree physics from Cotton College Guwahati.
chalie aapako ek doosaree hee duniyaa men le chaloon. aur aapako sunaaoon ek 45 saal puraanee prem-kathaa. gareeb logon se prem kee kathaa, jo ki pratidin ek dolar se bhee kam kamaate hain. main ek behad snbhraant, khadoos, mahnge kolej men padhaa, bhaarat men, aur usane mujhe lagabhag pooree tarah barabaad kar hee diyaa thaa. sab fiks thaa – main diplomet, shikshak yaa doktar banataa – sab jaise plet men parosaa padaa thaa. saath hee, mujhe dekh kar aisaa naheen lagegaa ki main skvaish ke khel men bhaarat kaa raashtreey chainpiyan thaa, teen saal tak lagaataar.
(hnsee)
saaree duniyaa ke avasar mere saamane the. sab jaise mere kadamon men padaa ho. main kuchh gadbad kar hee naheen sakataa thaa. aur tab, yoon hee, jijnyaasaavash mainne sochaa ki main gaanv jaakar rahoon aur kaam karoon – bas samajhane ke lie ki gaanv kaisaa hotaa hai.
1965 men, main bihaar gayaa. vahaan ab tak kaa sabase bheeshan akaal padaa thaa. mainne bhookh aur maut kaa nngaa naach dekhaa. pahalee baar theek mere saamane log bhookh se mar rahe the. us anubhav ne meraa jeevan badal daalaa. main vaapas aayaa aur mainne apanee maan se kahaa, “main ek gaanv men rahanaa aur kaam karanaa chaahataa hoon.” maan komaa men chalee gayee.
(hnsee)
“ye kyaa kah rahaa hai? saaree duniyaa ke avasar tere saamane hain, aur bharee thaalee men laat maar kar too ek gaanv men rahanaa aur kaam karanaa chaahataa hai? mujhe samajh naheen aa rahaa hai ki aakhir tujhe huaa kyaa hai?”
mainne kahaa, “naheen, mujhe sarvashreshth shikshaa milee hai. usane mujhe sochane par majaboor kar diyaa hai. aur main kuchh vaapas denaa chaahataa hoon, apane hee tareeke se.”
“par too aakhir ek gaanv men karegaa kyaa? n rojagaar hai, n paisaa hai, n surakshaa, n hee koee bhavishy.”
mainne kahaa, “mai gaanv men rah kar paanch saal tak kuaan khodanaa chaahataa hoon.”
“paanch saal tak kuaan khodegaa? too bhaarat ke sabase mahnge skool aur kolej men padhaa hai, aur ab paanch saal tak kuaan khodanaa chaahataa hai?” unhonne mujhase bahut lnbe samay tak baat tak naheen kee, kyonki unhen lagaa ki mainne apane khaanadaan kee naak katavaa dee hai.
lekin isake saath hee, mujhe seekhane ko milaa duniyaa kaa sabase behatareen jnyaan aur kaushal, jo bahut gareeb logon ke paas hotaa hai, magar kabhee bhee hamaare saamane naheen laaye jaate – jo parichay aur sammaan tak ko mohataaj rahate hain, aur jinhen kabhee bade roop men istemaal hee naheen kiyaa jaataa. aur mainne sochaa ki main beyarafut kolej kee shuruaat karungaa. ek kolej keval gareebon ke lie.
gareeb log kyaa sochate hain, ye mukhy masalaa thaa. yahee is kolej kee neenv bhee thee. is gaanv men yah meraa pahalaa din thaa.
bade-boodhe mere paas aaye aur poochhaa, “kyaa pulis se bhaag kar chhupe ho?”
mainne kahaa, “naheen.”
(hnsee)
“pareekshaa men fel ho gaye ho?”
mainne kahaa, “naheen.”
“to sarakaaree naukaree naheen mil paayee hogee?”
mainne kahaa, “vo bhee naheen.”
“tab yahaan kyaa kar rahe ho? yahaan kyon aaye ho? bhaarat kee shikshaa vyavasthaa to aapako peris aur nayee-dillee aur jurikh ke khvaab dikhaatee hai; tum is gaanv men kyaa kar rahe ho? tum kuchh to jaroor chhipaa rahe ho hamase?”
mainne kahaa, “naheen, main to ek kolej kholane aayaa hoon, keval gareebon ke lie. gareeb logon ko jo jarooree lagataa hai, vahee is kolej men hogaa.”
to bujurgon ne mujhe bahut nek aur saarthak salaah dee. unhonne kahaa, “kripaa karake, kisee bhee digree-holdar yaa maanyataa-praapt prashikshit vyakti ko apane kolej men mat laanaa.”
lihaajaa, ye bhaarat kaa ikalautaa kolej hai, jahaan yadi aap peeechadee yaa maastar hain, to aapako naakaaraa maanaa jaaegaa. aapako yaa to padhaaee-chhod, yaa bhagodaa yaa nilnbit honaa hogaa … hamaare kolej men aane ke lie. aapako apane haathon se kaam karanaa hogaa. aapako mehanat kee ijjat seekhanee hogee. aapako ye dikhaanaa hogaa ki aapake paas aisaa hunar hai, jisase logon kaa bhalaa ho sakataa hai aur aap samaaj ko koee sevaa pradaan kar sakate hain.
aakhir peshevar kisako kahaa jaae? ek peshevar vyakti vo hai, jisake paas hunar ho, aatm-vishvaas ho aur bharosaa ho. jameen ke bheetar paanee kaa pataa lagaane vaalaa peshevar hai. ek paarnparik daaee ek peshevar hai. ek kadhaaee gadhne vaalaa peshevar hai. saaree duniyaa men aise peshevar bhare pade hain. ye aapako duniyaa ke kisee bhee door-daraaj gaanv men mil jaaenge. aur hamen lagaa ki in logon ko mukhyadhaaraa men aanaa chaahie aur dikhaanaa chaahie ki inakaa jnyaan aur inakee dakshataa vishv-star kee hai. isakaa istemaal kiyaa jaanaa jarooree hai aur ise baaharee duniyaa ke saamane laanaa jarooree hai – ki ye jnyaan aur kaareegaree aaj bhee kaam kee hai.
kolej men mahaatmaa gaandhee kee jeevan-shailee aur kaam ke tareeke kaa paalan hotaa hai. aap jameen par khaate hain, jameen par sote hain, jameen par hee chalate hain. koee samajhautaa, likhit dastaavej naheen hai. aap mere saath 20 saal rah sakate hain aur kal jaa bhee sakate hain. aur kisee ko bhee 100 dolar maheene se jyaadaa naheen milataa hai. yadi aap paisaa chaahate hain, aap beyarafut kolej mat aaie. aap kaam aur chunautee ke lie aanaa chaahate hain, aap beyarafut aa sakate hain. yahaan ham chaahate hain ki aap aaen aur apane aaidiyaa par kaam karen. chaahe jo bhee aapakaa aaidiyaa ho, aa kar us par kaam keejie. koee fark naheen padtaa, yadi aap fel ho gaye to. gir kar, chot khaa kar, aap fir shuruaat keejie. ye shaayad akelaa aisaa kolej hain, jahaan guru shishy hai aur shishy guru hai. aur akelaa aisaa kolej jahaan ham sartifiket naheen dete hain. jis samudaay kee aap sevaa karate hain, vo hee aapako maanyataa detaa hai. aapako deevaar par kaagaj kaa tukadaa latakaane kee jaroorat naheen hai, ye dikhaane ke lie ki aap injeeniyar hain.
to jab mainne ye sab kahaa, to unhonne poochhaa, “theek hai, bataao kyaa snbhav hai. tum kyaa kar rahe ho? ye sirf batakahee hai, jab tak tum kuchh kar ke naheen dikhaate.”
to hamane pahalaa beyarafut kolej banaayaa, san 1986 men. ise 12 beyarafut aarkitekton ne banaayaa thaa, jo ki anapadh the, 1.5 dolar prati varg fut kee keemat men. 150 log yahaan rahate the, aur kaam karate the.
unhen 2002 men aarkitekchar kaa aagaa khaan puraskaar milaa. par unhen lagataa thaa, ki is ke peechhe kisee maanyataa praapt aarkitekt kaa haath jaroor hogaa.
mainne kahaa, “haan, unhonne nakshe banaaye the, magar beyarafut aarkitekton ne asal men kolej kaa nirmaan kiyaa.” shaayad ham hee aise log honge, jinhonne 50,000 dolar kaa puraskaar lautaa diyaa, kyonki unhen ham par vishvaas naheen huaa, aur hamen lagaa jaise vo log kalnk lagaa rahe hain, tiloniyaa ke beyarafut aarkitekton ke naam par.
mainne ek jngal-afasar se poochhaa – maanyataapraapt, padhe-likhe afasar se – mainne kahaa, “is jagah par kyaa banaayaa jaa sakataa hai?”
usane mittee par ek najar daalee aur kahaa, “yahaan kuchh naheen ho sakataa. jagah is laayak naheen hai. n paanee hai, mittee pathareelee hai.”
main kathin paristhiti men thaa. aur mainne kahaa, “theek hai, main gaanv ke boodhe ke paas jaa kar poochhoongaa ki “yahaan kyaa ugaanaa chaahie?”
usane meree or dekhaa aur kahaa, “tum ye banaao, vo banaao, ye lagaao, aur kaam ho jaaegaa.”
aur vo jagah aaj aisee dikhatee hai.
main chhat par gayaa aur saaree auraton ne kahaa, “yahaan se jaao. aadamee naheen chaahie kyonki ham is tarakeeb ko aadamiyon ko naheen bataanaa chaahate. ye chhat ko vaataraproof karane kee takaneek hai.”
(hnsee)
isamen thodaa gud hai, thodee peshaab hai aur aisee kaee cheejen jo mujhe naheen pataa hai. lekin isamen paanee naheen chootaa hai. 1986 se aaj tak, paanee naheen chuaa hai. is takaneek ko, auraten mardon ko naheen bataatee hain.
(hnsee)
ye akelaa aisaa kolej hai, jo pooree tarah saur-oorjaa par chalataa hai. sooraj se hee saaree bijalee aatee hai. chhat par 45 kilovaat ke painal lage hain. aur sab kuchh agale 25 saalon tak sirf saur-oorjaa se chal sakataa hai. to jab tak duniyaa men sooraj hai, hamen bijalee kee koee samasyaa naheen hogee. magar sabase badhiyaa baat ye hai ki ise sthaapit kiyaa thaa ek pujaaree ne, ek hindoo pujaaree ne, jisane sirf aathaveen kakshaa tak padhaaee kee thee – kabhee skool naheen gayaa, kabhee kolej naheen gayaa. inhen saur-takaneekon ke baare men jyaadaa jaanakaaree hai vishv ke kisee bhee aur vyakti ke mukaabale, ye meree gaarntee hai.
bhojan, yadi aap beyarafut kolej men aaenge, aapako saur-oorjaa se banaa milegaa. magar jin logon ne us saur-choolhe ko banaayaa hai, vo striyaan hain, anapadh striyaan, jo apane haath se atynt jatil saur-choolhaa banaatee hain. ye paravalay (pairaabolaa) aakaaraa kaa binaa rasoiye kaa choolhaa hai. durbhaagy se, ye aadhee jaraman hain, vo itanee sookshmataa se naap-jokh karatee hain.
(hnsee)
aapako bhaarateey mahilaaen itanee sookshm naap-tol karatee naheen milengee. bilakul aakhiree inch tak, vo us choolhe ko banaa sakatee hain aur yahaan saath vyakti din men do baar saur-choolhe kaa khaanaa khaate hain.
hamaare yahaan ek dnt-chikitsak hain. vo daadee-maan hai, anapadh hai aur daanton kee daaktar hain. vo daanton kee dekhabhaal karatee hain kareeb 7000 bachchon ke.
beyarafut teknolaajee
ye 1986 hai. kisee injeeniyar, yaa aarkitekt ne is baare men naheen sochaa. magar ham baarish ke paanee ko chhat se ikatthaa kar rahe the. bahut hee kam paanee barbaad hotaa hai. saaree chhaton ko jameen ke neeche bane 400,000 leetar ke taink se jodaa huaa hai. aur paanee barbaad naheen hotaa. yadi hamen chaar saal lagaataar bhee sookhe kaa saamanaa karanaa pade, to bhee hamaare paas paanee hogaa, kyonki ham baarish ke paanee ko ikatthaa karate hain.
60 feesadee bachche skool isalie naheen jaa paate, kyonki unhen jaanavaron kee dekhabhaal karanee hotee hai – bhed, bakaree – ghar ke kaam. to hamane sochaa ki ek skool kholaa jaae raat men, bachcho ko padhaane ke lie. kyonki tiloniyaa ke raat ke skoolon men 75,000 bachchon se jyaadaa raat ko padh chuke hain, kyonki ye bachchon kee sahooliyat ke lie hai, ye shikshakon kee sahooliyat ke lie naheen hai. aur ham yahaan kyaa padhaate hain? prajaatntr, naagarikataa, apanee jameenon kee naap kaise karen, agar aapako pulis pakad le, to kyaa karen, yadi aapakaa jaanavar beemaar ho jaae, to kyaa karen. yahee ham raat ke skoolon men padhaate hain. kyonki saare skool me saur-oorjaa hai.
har paanch saal men, ham chunaav karate hain. 6 se le kar 14 saal tak ke bachche is prajaataantrik pranaalee men hissaa lete hain, aur vo ek pradhaanamntree chunate hain. is vakt jo pradhaanamntree hai, usakee umr hai 12 varsh. vo subah 20 bakariyon kee dekhabhaal karatee hai, magar shaam ko vo pradhaanamntree ho jaatee hai. usakaa apanaa mntrimndal hai, shikshaa mntree, bijalee mntree, svaasthy-mntree. aur vo asal men dekhabhaal karate hain kareeb 150 skoolon ke 7000 bachchon kee.
paanch saal pahale use vishv baalak puraskaar se navaajaa gayaa thaa aur vo sveedan gayee thee. pahalee baar gaanv se baahar nikalee thee. kabhee sveedan dekhaa naheen. lekin aasapaas kee cheejon se jaraa bhee prabhaavit naheen.
sveedan kee raanee, jo vaheen theen, meree or mudee aur kahaa, “kyaa aap is bachchee se poochhenge ki itanaa aatm-vishvaas kahaan se aataa hai? ye keval 12 saal kee hai aur kisee se prabhaavit naheen hotee.”
aur vo ladkee, jo unakee baayen or hai, meree or mudee, aur raanee kee aankhon men aankhen daal kar bolee, “kripayaa inhen bataa deejie ki main pradhaanamntree hoon.”
(hnsee)
jahaan saaksharataa bahut kam hai, ham kathaputaliyon kaa istemaal karate hain. kathaputiliyon ke sahaare ham apanee baat rakhate hain. hamaare paas jokhim chaachaa hai, jo kareeb 300 saal ke hain. ye mere manovaijnyaanik hain. ye hee mere shikshak hain. yahee mere chikitsak hain. yahee mere vakeel hain. yahee mujhe daan dete hain. yahee dhan bhee jutaate hain, mere jhagade bhee sulajhaate hain. ye mere gaanv kee samasyaa kaa samaadhaan karate hain. yadi gaanv men tanaav ho, yaa fir skoolon men haajiree kam ho rahee ho aur adhyaapakon aur abhibhaavakon ke beech manamutaav ho, to ye kathaputalee adhyaapakon aur abhibhaavakon ko saare gaanv ke saamane bulaatee hai aur kahatee hai, “haath milaaie. haajiree kam naheen honee chaahie.” ye kathaputaliyaan vishv-baink kee bekaar padee riporton se banee hain.
(hnsee)
to is vikendrit aur paaradarshee tareeke se, gaanvon ko saur-oorjaa dene ke tareeke se, hamane saare bhaarat men kaam kiyaa hai. laddaakh se le kar bhootaan tak. sab jagahon par saur-oorjaa un logon dvaaraa laayee gayee, jinhen prashikshan diyaa gayaa.
ham laddaakh gaye. vahaan hamane ek mahilaa se poochhaa ki aap, maainas 40 digree sentigret par, chhat se baahar aayee hain, kyonki barf se aajoo-baajoo ke raaste bnd hai … aur hamane poochhaa, “aapako kyaa laabh huaa saur oorjaa se?” aur ek minat tak sochane ke baad usane kahaa, “ye pahalee baar hai ki main sardiyon men apane pati kaa cheharaa dekh paayee.”
(hnsee)
ham afagaanistaan gaye. bhaarat men hamane ek baat ye seekhee ki mardon ko aap kuchh naheen sikhaa sakate.
(hnsee)
aadamee uchchhrinkhal hote hain. aadamee mahatvaakaankshee hote hain. vo ek jagah tik kar baithanaa naheen paate aur un sabako ek pramaan-patr chaahie hotaa hai.
(hnsee)
duniyaa bhar men, yahee chaahat hai aadamiyon kee, ek pramaan-patr chaahie. kyon? kyonki vo gaanv chhodnaa chaahate hain, aur shahar jaanaa chaahate hain, naukaree karane ke lie. to hamane isakaa ek behatareen tareekaa nikaalaa. boodhee daadiyon ko prashikshan dene kaa. apanee baat door-door tak failaane kaa aaj kee duniyaa men kyaa tareekaa hai? teleevijan? naheen. teleegraaf? naheen. teleefon? naheen. ek stree ko bataa deejie bas!
(hnsee)
to ham pahalee baar afagaanistaan gaye aur hamane teen striyon ko chunaa aur kahaa, “ham inhen bhaarat le jaanaa chaahate hain.”
unhonne kahaa, “asnbhav. ye to apane kamare tak se baahar naheen nikalatee hain, aur tum bhaarat le jaane kee baat karate ho.”
mainne kahaa, “main ek chhoot de sakataa hoon. main unake patiyon ko bhee saath le jaaoongaa.”
to main unake patiyon ko bhee le aayaa. jaahir hai, auraten aadamiyon se kaheen jyaadaa buddhimaan hotee hain. chhah maheene ke bheetar, ham in auraton ko kaise badal den? ishaaron kee bhaashaa se. tab aap likhit cheejon par bharosaa naheen karate. bolachaal kee bhaashaa se bhee kaam naheen banataa. aap ishaaron kee bhaashaa istemaal karate hain. aur chhah maheenon men, vo saur-injeeniyar ban gayeen. vo vaapas jaa kar apane gaanv men saur-bijalee le aayeen.
is stree ne vaapas jaa kar, pahalee baar kisee gaanv men saur-bijalee lagaayee, ek kaarakhaanaa lagaayaa. afagaanistaan kaa pahalaa gaanv, jahaan saur-bijalee aayee, teen auraton dvaaraa kiyaa gayaa thaa. ye stree ek mahaan daadee maan hai. 55 saal kee umr men isane afagaanistaan men 200 gharon ko saur-bijalee dee hai. aur ye kharaab bhee naheen huee hai. ye asal men afagaanistaan ke injeeniyaring vibhaag gayee aur vahaan ke mukhy-adhikaaree ko bataa kar aayee ki esee aur deesee men fark kyaa hotaa hai. use naheen pataa thaa. in teen auraton ne 27 aur auraton ko prashikshan diyaa hai aur afagaanistaan ke 100 gaanvon men saur-bijalee lagavaa dee hai.
ham afreekaa gaye, aur hamane yahee kiyaa. ye saaree auraten jo ek mej par baithee hain, alag-alag aath deshon kee hain, sab batiyaa rahee hain, magar binaa ek bhee shabd samajhe, kyonki vo sab alag-alag bhaashaa bol rahee hain. magar inakee bhaav-bhngimaaen gajab kee hain. ye ek doosare se batiyaa bhee rahee hain aur saur-injeeniyar ban rahee hain.
main siyaraa lyon gayaa aur vahaan ek mntree se milaa, jo raat ke ghanaghor andhere men draaiving kar rahe the. ek gaanv pahunchaa. vaapas aayaa. gaanv pahunchaa, aur kahaa, “isakee kyaa kahaanee hai?”
unhonne kahaa, “in do daadee-maanon ne…”
“daadiyon ne?” mntree saahab ko bharosaa hee naheen huaa.
“vo kahaan gayee thee?”
“bhaarat se laut kar aayee hain.”
vo seedhe raashtrapati ke paas gayaa. usane kahaa, “aapako pataa hai ki siyaraa lyon men ek saur-bijalee yukt gaanv hai?”
javaab milaa, “naheen.”
agale din aadhe se jyaadaa mntrimndal in auraton se milane aa gayaa.
“kahaanee kyaa hai?”
to unhonne mujhe bulaayaa aur kahaa, “kyaa aap mere lie 150 daadiyon ko prashikshan de sakate hain?”
mainne kahaa, “jee naheen, mahaamahim. magar ye de sakatee hain. ye daadiyaan.”
to unhonne siyaraa lyon men mere lie pahalaa beyarafut trening sentar banavaayaa… aur 150 daadiyon ko siyaraa lyon men prashikshan mil chukaa hai.
gaambiyaa
ham gaambiyaa men ek daadee maan ko chunane ke lie gaye. ek gaanv men pahunche. mujhe pataa thaa ki main kis stree ko chunanaa chaahataa hoon. sab log saath jute aur unhonne kahaa, “in do striyon ko le jaaen.”
mainne kahaa, “naheen, main to use le jaanaa chaahataa hoon.”
unhonne kahaa, “kyon? use to bhaashaa bhee naheen aatee. aap use jaanate naheen hain.”
to pati ko bulaayaa gayaa. vo aayaa. akad se chalataa huaa, netaaon kee tarah, mobaail laharaataa huaa.
“naheen hogaa.”
“kyon naheen?”
“use dekho, vo kitanee sundar hai.”
mainne kahaa, “haan, bahut sundar hai.”
“agar kisee bhaarateey aadamee ke saath bhaag gayee to?”
ye usakaa sabase badaa dar thaa.
mainne kahaa, “vo khush rahegee, aur tumhen mobaail par kol karegee.”
vo daadee maan kee tarah gayee aur ek sheranee ban kar vaapas lautee. vo havaaee-jahaaj se baahar nikalee aur pres se aise batiyaane lagee, jaise ye usake lie aam baat ho aur hameshaa se yahee karatee rahee ho. usane raashtreey pres ko samhaalaa aur vo prasiddh ho gayee.
jab main chhah maheene baad us se milaa, mainne kahaa, “tumhaaraa pati kahaan hai?”
“are, kaheen hogaa, usase kyaa fark padtaa hai.”
(hnsee)
safalataa kee kahaanee.
(hnsee)
main apanee baat ye kah kar khatm karanaa chaahoongaa ki mujhe lagataa hai ki samaadhaan aapake andar hee hotaa hai. samasyaa kaa hal apane andar dhoondhie. aur un logon kee baat sunie, jo aapase pahale samaadhaan kar chuke hain. saaree duniyaa men aise log maujood hain. chintaa hee mat karie. vishv baink kee baat sunane se behatar hai ki aap jameenee logon kee baaten sunen. unake paas duniyaa bhar ke hal hain.
main ant men mahaatmaa gaandhee kee kahee baat doharaanaa chaahataa hoon.
“pahalee baar vo aapako anasunaa kar dete hain … fir vo aap par hnsate hain … fir vo aapase ladte hain … aur fir aap jeete jaate hain.”
મારા બ્લોગના મુલાકાતીઓને મારી નમ્ર વિનંતિ છે કે તેઓ મારી રચનાઓ અને અન્ય પોસ્ટ સંબંધે પોતાના અભિપ્રાયો જરૂરથી જણાવે તથા બ્લોગના સંબંધમાં પોતાના બહુમૂલ્ય સૂ઼ચનો પણ આપે જેથી હું વાચકોની અપેક્ષા અનુસાર તેમાં સુધારો કરી શકું અને બ્લોગને વધુ રસપ્રદ તેમજ સુંદર બનાવી શકું. આપના બહુમૂલ્ય સૂચનો અને અભિપ્રાયોનું હાર્દિક સ્વાગત છે.
પ્રકાશિત પોસ્ટ્સ
આ બ્લોગ પર પ્રકાશિત પોસ્ટમાંથી કોઈ પોસ્ટ માટે કોપીરાઈટ ભંગ થતો હોય તો તે પોસ્ટ વિષે તુરંત જાણ કરવા વિનંતી. તેવી પોસ્ટ આ બ્લોગ પરથી દૂર કરવામાં આવશે.
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