makar snkraanti kaa tyauhaar vaise to poore bhaarat varsh men badee hee dhoomadhaam se manaayaa jaataa hai aur yahee tyauhaar hamaare desh ke alag-alag hisson men alag-alag naam aur tareeke se manaayaa jaataa hai. is tyauhaar ko hamaare uttaraakhand men "uttaraayanee" ke naam se manaayaa jaataa hai tathaa gadhavaal men ise poorvee uttar pradesh kee tarah "khichadee snkraanti" ke naam se manaayaa jaataa hai. kumaaoon men yah tyauhaar sthaaneey bhaashaa men ghughutiyaa ke naam se jaanaa jaataa hai yah koomaaoon sabase badaa tyauhaar maanaa jaataa hai aur main samajhataa hoon ki yah ek sthaaneey parv hone ke saath saath hamaaraa sthaaneey lok utsav bhee hai. kyonki is din ek vishesh prakaar k vynjan ghughut banaayaa jaataa hai jis kaaran koomaaoon men makar snkraanti ko oottaraayanee ke saath saath ghughutiyaa tyaar ke naam se jyaadaa jaanaa jaataa hai.
ghughute banaane kee bhee apanee alag tarah kee parnparaa hai, yah ek aisaa vynjan hai jo keval is avasar par hee banaayaa jaataa hai. vaise banaane men yah koee vishisht raiseepee nahee hai. sabase pahale paanee garam karake usamen gud daalakar chaashnee banaa lee jaatee hai, fir aataa chhaanakar ise aate men milaakar goonth liyaa jaataa hai. jab aataa rotee banaane kee tarah taiyaar ho jaataa hai to aate kee kareeb 6" lambee aur kanishkaa kee motaaee kee belanaakaar aakritiyon ko hindee ke 4 kee tarah modkar neeche se bnd kar diyaa jaataa hai. in 4 kee tarah dikhane vaalee aakritiyon ko sthaaneey bhaashaa men ghughute kahate hain. ghughuton ke saath saath isee aate se any tarah kee aakritiyaan bhee banaayee jaatee hain, jaise anaar kaa fool, damaroo, supaaree, tokaree, talavaar aadi par saamuhik roop se inako ghughoot ke naam se hee jaanaa jaataa hai. ghughute banaane kaa kram dopahar ke baad kareeb 2:00 - 3:00 baje se shuru ho jaataa hai jisamen parivaar kaa har sadasy yogadaan karataa hai.
aate kee aakritiyaan ban jaane ke baad inako sukhaane ke lie failaakar rakh diyaa jaataa hai. raat tak jab ghughute sookh kar thodaa thos ho jaate hai to unako ghee yaa vanaspati tel men men pooriyon kee tarah talaa jaataa hai. vaise is samay tak bachche so jaate hai par agar bachchon kee utsuktaa adhik huyee to kisee ko bhee talate samay baat karane ke manaahee rahtee hai. hamen to bachapan men yah kah kar shaant rahne ko kahaa jaataa thaa ki agar shor karoge to ghughute ud jaayenge. isakaa mukhy kaaran yah hai ki isase rasoiye kaa dhyaan bhng naa ho, dusaraa kaaran yah bhee rahataa hai ki thook ke chheete agar garm tel men padenge to tel ke chheente bhee kaafee nukasaan kar sakate hain. par ek vishesh baat yah rahatee hai ki ghughute kauon ko khilaane se pahale koee nahee khaa sakataa.
ghughuton ko talane ke baad inakee maalaa banaayee jaatee hai jise aur sundar banaane ke maalaa men moongafalee, sthaaneey fal jaise maalataa/naarngee, baadaam kee garee yaa any meve bhee piroye jaate hain. ghughuton kee maalaa banaane ke baad inako agale din kauon khilaane kee taiyaaree ke saath snbhaalakar rakh diyaa jaataa hai.
koomaaoon ke almodaa, champaavat, naineetaal tathaa udhamasinhanagar janapadeey kshetron men makar snkraanti ko (arthaat maagh maas ke 1 gate ko) ghughute banaaye jaate hain aur agalee subah (2 gate maagh ko) ko kauve ko diye jaate hain (kauon ko pitaron kaa prateek maanakar yah pitaron ko arpan maanaa jaataa hai). vaheen raamagngaa paar ke pithauraagadh aur baageshvar anchal men makar snkraanti kee poorv sndhyaa (paush maas ke antim din arthaat mashaanti) ko hee ghughute banaaye jaate hain aur makar snkraanti arthaat maagh 1 gate ko kauve ko khilaaye jaate hain.
vaise to pahaado men kaue ko priy maanaa jaataa hai aur tadake usakaa svar ghar ke aas paas sunaayee denaa shubh maanaa jaataa hai par is din kauon kee vishesh poochh rahatee hai. chhote-chhote bachche bhee tadake uth, snaan karake taiyaar ho jaate hain aur ghughuton kee maalaa pahan kar kauve ko aavaaj lagaate hain;
kaale kauvaa kaa-kaa, ye ghughutee khaa jaa
kaale kauvvaa kaa-kaa, poos kee rotee maaghe khaa
isee prakaar ke kaee naare hain jaise
kaale kauaa kaale, ghughuti maalaa khaa le aadi
isake baad shuroo hotaa hai rishtedaaron tathaa mitraganon ke ghar-ghar ghughoote baantane kaa silasilaa aur yah kaee dinon tak chalataa rahataa hai. jo sadsy ghar se door rahate hain unake lie ghughoote sambhaal kar rakh diye jaate hain, jisase jab vah ghar par aayen to unako khaane ke lie diye jaa saken. jo log apane ghar se door rahate hain unako bhee ghughoote khaane kaa eentajaar rahataa hai. aajakal ghughoote priyajanon tak paarsal aur koriyar ke maadhyam se bhee bheje jaane lage hain. vaise ghughootiyaa ke din ghughoote banaane ke baad inako aavashyakataanusaar basant pnchamee tak banaayaa jaa sakataa hai, par is din inako har ghar men banaayaa jaanaa aavashyak hotaa hai.
ghughutiyaa tyaar se sambadhit ek kathaa prachalit hai....
kahaa jaataa hai ki koomaaoon men ek raajaa thaa jisake mntree kaa naam ghughutiyaa thaa. ghughutiyaa ek kushal yoddhaa hone ke saath saath badaa hee mahatvaakaankshee bhee thaa. dheere dheere usakee mahatvaakaankshaa itanee badh gayee ki vah khud raajaa banane kee sochane lagaa. ek baar jab vah apane kisee saathee ke saath raajaa ko maarakar khud raajaa banane kaa shadyantr banaa rahaa thaa to ek kaue ne unakee baaten sun lee. kauaa badaa hee chatur pakshee samajhaa jaataa hai, jis kaaran hee baal kathaaon men pyaase kaue kee kahaanee badee prasiddh hai.
kauvve ko jaise hee raajaa kee hatyaa kee saajish kee jaanakaaree huyee, usane turant aakar raajaa ko is baare men soochit kar diyaa. raajaa ko pahale to vishvaas nahee huaa parantu usane ghugutiyaa ko girafataar kar kaaraagaar men daal diyaa. jisake baad jaanch men baat sahee paaye jaane par raajaa dvaaraa mntree ghughutiyaa ko mrityudnd milaa. kaue kee is chaturaaee aur raajaa ke prati raajabhakti se raajaa badaa prabhaavit huaa aur usane raajy bhar men ghoshanaa karavaa dee ki makar snkraanti ke din sabhee raajyavaasee kauvvo ko pakavaan banaa kar khilaaenge. tabhee se kauon ke prati sauhaard prakat karane vaale is anokhe tyauhaar ko manaane kee prathaa kee shuroovaat maanee jaatee hai.
vishv men pashu pakshiyon se sambndhit kaee tyohaar manaaye jaate hain par kauon ko vishesh vynjan khilaane kaa yah anokhaa tyauhaar uttaraakhand ke kumaaoon anchal ke alaavaa shaayad kaheen nahee manaayaa jaataa hai. vaise kaue kee chaturaaee ke baare men kahaavat hai ki manushyon men nauaa aur jaanavaron men kauaa arthaat maanavon men naaee aur jaanavaron men kauaa sabase buddhimaan hote hain. kaue kee chaturaaee ke baare men kaee vaijnyaanik shodh bhee ho chuke jinase bhee is baat kee pushti huyee hai ki kaue kaa mashtishk any pashu-pakshiyon se adhik vikasit hotaa hai.
kaale kavaa kaale, ghughutee maavaa khaa le - ghughutee tyauhaar mubaarak !
raajesh joshee -
kumaaunee rasmo-rivaaj