bhrashtachar ke viruddh anna hajare aur baba ramadev kee yatraaaon aur bhajapa neta lalakrishn aadavani kee rajanitik rathayatraaa se pahale hi ek yatraaa shuroo ho chukee thi. yah yatraaa bharatiy ekata parishad ke shraee pi vi rajagopal ne shuroo kee thi, vartaman v prastavit bhoomi adhigrahan kanoon ke virodh men. bhattha parasaul aur bad men naued men chal rahe kisanon ke virodh pradarshan ke bad se hi yah kanoon bahas ke dayare men aa gaya tha. halanki anek virodh pradarshanon ke bad sarakar ne bhoomi adhigrahan kanoon ka ek sanshodhit praroop taiyar kiya hai aur shighr hi use sansad men prastut bhi kiya jane vala hai, parantu abhi se hi un sanshodhanon kee bhi aalochana shuroo ho gaee hai. bhoomi adhigrahan, punarvas aur punarsthapan adhiniyam, 2011 namak is sanshodhit praroop ko yadi ham keval sarasari nigahon se bhi padhen to ek bat saf ho jati hai. kam se kam yah kanoon bharat aur usake kisanon v krishi aadharit arthavyavastha ke hit ke lie bilkul hi nahin banaya gaya hai.
is kanoon men kaee visangatiyan thin, jinaka nirakaran prastavit praroop men kiya gaya hai. isake bad bhi is par paryapt saval khade kiye ja sakate hain aur kie ja bhi rahe hain. halanki sanshodhit praroop men aise anek savalon ka samadhan prastut kiya gaya hai. jaise sinchaee vali bhoomi ke bare men prastav hai ki ek jile men adhikatam 5 pratishat sinchaee vali bhoomi ka hi adhigrahan kiya ja sakata hai. sath hi utani hi banjar bhoomi ko kheti yogy banane ka bhi prastav hai. isi prakar sanshodhit praroop men vishesh paristhitiyon men labh ka kuchh bhag bhoomi ke malik ko dene ka bhi prastav rakha gaya hai. kul mila kar dekha jae to ek atyant aakarshak aur lubhavana prastav taiyar kiya gaya hai. baharahal, yadi dhyan se dekhen to is poorn kanoon kee mansha par hi prashn chihn khad ho jata hai. pahala aur sabase mahatvapoorn saval yah hai ki aakhir is kanoon kee aavashyakata kyon hai aur kisako hai?
maulik roop se bhoomi adhigrahan kanoon 1894 ka hai yani ki isaka nirman angrejon ne 1894 men kiya tha. dhyan dene kee bat yah hai ki 1894 se kuchh hi varsh poorv 1876 men bharat men kanpani raj samapt huaa tha aur british raj shuroo huaa tha. is kanoon ke mool praroop men bhoomi adhigrahan karane ke uddeshyon men saf saf likha huaa hai ki janahit aur kanpaniyon ke lie bhoomi ka adhigrahan kiya jaega. ab yah koee chhupi huee bat nahin hai ki 1894 men bharat men kitani kanpaniyan thin. yah to itihas ka ek samany vidyarthi bhi janata hai ki us samay bharat men keval ek hi kanpani thi, eest indiya kanpani. is kanoon ka nirman keval use fayada pahunchane ke lie kiya gaya tha. dikhave ke lie janahit shabd bhi jod diya gaya tha. svadhinata milane ke bad is kanoon kee koee aavashyakata nahin thi aur n hi isaka koee upayog tha. parantu svadhin bharat ke nae shasak ya to atyant moorkh the ya fir ekadam dhoort. unhonne is kanoon ko yatharoop banae rakha taki bhavishy men isaka fayada uthaya ja sake.
yah ek tathy hai ki bhoomi adhigrahan ka yah ek shanadar kanoon hone ke bavajood svadhinata se pahale aur bad men bhi anyany vibhinn karanon se bhoomi adhigrahan karane ke kaee kanoon aur banae gae. kaee kanoon pahale se bhi the. jaise, bhoomi adhigrahan (khanan) adhiniyam, 1885, bharatiy tramave adhiniyam, 1886. bad men 1903 men ‘d varks aof difens ekt’ banaya gaya. svadhinata ke bad to bhoomi adhigrahan ke kanoonon kee badh aa gaee. vibhinn karanon se bhoomi adhigrahan karane ke kul 13 kanoon banae gae. jaise, rel seva ke lie, metro rel ke lie, rajamargon ke lie, vidyutikaran ke lie, visthapiton ke punarvas ke lie, aadi aadi. saval yah hai ki kya ye 13 karan janahit men nahin the? yadi nahin the to sarakar ko in karanon se bhoomi adhigrahan karane ka kya adhikar hai? aur yadi the to in kanoonon kee alag se kya aavashyakata thi? ye saval hi bhoomi adhigrahan kanoon kee mansha ko sandeh ke ghere men la dete hain.
bharatiy paranpara men prakritik sansadhanon par rajy ka svamitv kabhi bhi nahin mana gaya. prakritik sansadhan samudayik sanpatti mane jate the. rajy kee bhoomika keval niyamak kee huaa karati thi aur yahi janata ke hit men bhi tha. prakritik sansadhanon par rajy ke svamitv kee avadharana pashchaty avadharana hai aur is avadharana ne vahan bhi paryapt anachar aur hinsa failaya hai. amarikee vidvan karl polanyi apani pustak “d gret transafarmeshan: d poltkal end ikonomik orijins aof aovar taim” ke pandrahaven adhyay ‘market end nechar’ men likhate hain: “inglaind men tayoodars ke sath krishiparak poonjivad vikasit huaa. bhoomi ko kisanon ke kulon aur gavon ke sajhe svamitv se mukt kar use vyaktiyon kee niji vastu bana dla gaya. enaklojars tatha kanvarjans kee prakriya dvara yah kam huaa .
enaklojar ka arth tha saikadon ya darjanon kisanon kee bhoomi ko kisi sampann vyakti dvara bade men gher lena tatha sabhi kisanon ko ujad kar bhaga dena. kanvarjan ka arth tha – kshaetra ke sabhi kisanon ko balapoorvak kisi karakhanedar ke niyantran men le lena aur unakee bhoomi us karakhanedar kee ghoshit kar us par kabja kar lena. mil ke liye aur mil-majadooron kee bastiyon ke lie us jamin ko kisanon se chhin lena. 18vin shatabdi ke aarambh men inglaind aur frans donon men ye dono kam bade paimane par huaa. unnisavin shadi men audyogik kasbaon kee vriddhi huyi to ilake ke ilake gher liye gaye taki khadyann aur kachcha mal kee poorti ho sake. pahale kisanon ko jamin dete samay yah byavastha hoti thi ki ve us bhoomi ko rehan nahin rakh sakate ya usaka vyaparik upayog nahin kar sakate. ab yah vyavastha khatm. yah prakriya bahut varsho chali. is prakriya ko kahin niji bal evan hinsa se sampann kiya gaya, kahin oopar ya niche se huee kranti dvara, kahin yuddh evan vijay se, kahin kanoon banakar, kahin prashasan ka dabav dlakar, kahin tatkal jo soojh jaye, vah upay apanakar.“ isake parinamasvaroop lakhon logon ka visthapan, berojagaron ka sankhya men aparimit vriddhi aur bhari anachar paida huaa. lakhon log asamay aur akaran vikas kee bhent chadh gae ya chadha die gae.
pichhale dinon jo kuchh bhi desh ke vibhinn bhagon men ho raha hai, vah uparokt kathan ko hi fir se pramanit kar raha hai. yah saf hai ki sthaniy samaj kee aavashyakata ka dhyan rakhe bagair aur bina usakee sahamati ke bhoomi adhigrahan ka koee bhi kanoon desh men berojagari, arajakata aur hinsa hi badhaega. surakshaaa v rashtriy mahatv ke kuchhek vishayon ke alava rajy dvara bhoomi ka adhigrahan samasya ke atirikt aur kuchh nahin badhane vala hai. at: aavashyakata is bat kee hai ki bhoomi adhigrahan ke sabhi kanoonon par samagrata se vichar karake koee ek kanoon banaya jae jisamen kanpaniyon kee bajay janata ka hit sarvopari ho.



