ajdaka

enarik gomej kaaril‍lo (g‍vaatemaalaa, 1873-1927)

jaise meree mool pravritti palng ke neeche, andhere ekaant men sabase chhipakar, pedrino se ghnton fusafusaakar baaten karate rahanaa hai, aur s‍kool jaanaa saamaajik v jeevan kee majabooree, usee tarah pitaa kee majabooree thee badhee kaa rndaa chalaakar haath, bhaun aur baalon men lakadee ke buraade ikatthaa karanaa, mool pravritti unakee bhee likhane-padhne kee thee. unakaa hameshaa kaa sapanaa thaa el paaso, el kuore, maateetaa kisee kh‍yaatilab‍dh akhbaar ke saahityik snpaadak kaa jim‍maa snbhaalen aur roj pan‍non par duniyaa-jahaan ke vichaar-maniyon kee maalaa goonthate rahen. kisee din bhoole se unake maathe ko pedrino kee maut, gaanv ke saamaajik bahish‍kaar, ghar aur paison kee chintaa se avakaash rahataa to pedrino kee hee see chamak chehare par liye vah chahakate apane sapanon men gote khaane lagate. anupasthit churut kee dhoonk v anupasthit kofee kee chus‍kee men saraabor, baithakee aur rasoee men khoye kadamon fusafusaate tahalate baarselonaa chalaa jaaoon? naheen, lis‍boaa nikal jaataa hoon, ki b‍yunes aayares? mujhe k‍yaa, mere lie sab jagah ek baraabar, parijee, viyenaa, londraa, jahaan saahit‍y ko meree jrurat hogee vahee shahar mere athak parishram, mere karmon kaa teerth ban jaaegaa!

kaath ke kathavat men bartan khngaalatee, yaa udhaaree ke raajamaa ke keede chhaantatee maan achaanak bijalee kee furtee se aakar ek san‍naakaa tamaachaa pitaa ke gaal par jadtee tab kaheen jaakar vah vartamaan ke khuradure v vaas‍tavikataa men lautate. sir jhukaaye maan se maafee maang, ghise paint ke cheekat khaalee jeb men donon haath fnsaaye chupachaap ghar se baahar chale jaate. maan kahatee meraa pedrino chalaa gayaa lekin yah aadamee sudharegaa naheen. jis din main khat‍m ho jaaoongee ye ghar khat‍m ho jaaegaa us din aaegee akal, o deeos!

maan ke apane man ke malin ko baahar karane kaa yah tareekaa thaa, eesh‍var ko vah naheen maanatee thee. jaise pitaa bhee naheen maanate the. lekin gaanv ke lapaadee chaar log kahate ki paraamo pak‍kaa haraamee hai, ye to kam‍yunis‍ton ko bhee naheen maanataa! pitaa etaraaj karate, vartamaan shaasan chalaanevaalon kee neetiyon se virodh kaa yah matalab naheen ki..

aise maukon par jaane kahaan se maan lapakatee, lagabhag udtee see aatee aur laharaate pnje ke jor se pitaa ko thelatee, giraatee, unakee chhaatee par savaar hokar garjanaa karatee paraamo yaa to tum apanaa munh silakar rakhoge yaa main aaj sabake saamane tum‍haaree jaan le loongee!

pitaa kuchh naheen kahate. maan ko ek or sarakaakar chupachaap kapadon kaa dhool jhaadte uthate, tamaashabeenon kee hnsee udaatee najron se aankh bachaaye bheed se baahar hote aur usake baad ghnton kahaan kidhar baithe hain isakee kisee ko khbar naheen rahatee. kabhee aisaa hotaa ki mere s‍kool se lautane aur gaanv ke siyes‍taa ke baad bhee ghnton gujar jaate aur pitaa kee vaapasee naheen hee hotee to chintaa men maan rasoee ke gine bartan giraane lagatee, o deeyos o maam‍maa kee guhaar lagaakar mujhe pet se bheenchakar rone lagatee. taamakitaa kee ladkee yaa heranaan kaa charavaahaa aakar tab soochit karataa ki bakariyon ne dekhaa, pitaa gaanv ke akele aam ke ped par lete pade hain. maan bhaagee-bhaagee gaanv ke baahar ped ke neeche pahunchatee, hal‍laa machaatee ki neeche aao, dimaag chal gayaa hai budhaaye ped par lete ho, bhoole aankh lag gaee, gir pade k‍yaa hogaa maaloom bhee hai? pitaa thodee der chup rahane ke baad javaab dete, ki iseelie to tab se yahaan letaa hoon, ki aankh lag jaaye, gir jaaoon!

maan jor-jor se rone lagatee. aam ke us bade, baabaa aadam ke jmaane ke budhaaye ped ke gird chaar auraten ikatthaa ho jaateen. gadahe aur bakariyon kaa majamaa lag jaataa. sab chirauree karate neeche aa jaao paraamo ye k‍yaa tamaashaa hai. maan kahatee meraa ek betaa chalaa gayaa, bhagavaan mujhase ab aur k‍yaa chaahate hain. sab chirauree karate-karate thak jaate tab pitaa maan kee or tarjanee dikhaakar kahate is aurat se kaho aaeendaa mere kaagaj-pat‍tar chool‍he men naheen daalegee kaa vaadaa kare tabhee neeche aaoongaa. maan kahatee kaan pakadkar sabake aage s‍veekaaratee hoon naheen daaloongee, ab utar jaao. pitaa kahate tamaaraa gaakar vinatee kare. maan rokar gaatee. pitaa ped par hnsane lagate aur tab kaheen jaakar neeche utarane kee kasarat karate. haalaanki unake neeche jmeen par chale aane tak khatakaa banaa hee rahataa ki is umar men pataa naheen ye javaan ped par chadh kaise gayaa lekin saaboot sashareer neeche aaj naheen hee aa paaegaa. heranaan tak mere pitaa ke gir jaane ke andeshe men joron se meraa kndhaa bheenche rahataa aur aankhen meenche jal‍dee-jal‍dee budabudaataa o deeyos o deeyos, aaj pedrino ke paapaa ko bachaa lo to aaeendaa se main apanaa grihakaary apanee badee bahan se naheen karaaoongaa..!

sab saans roke pitaa ke neeche aane tak intajaar karate. maan rotee rahatee gaatee rahatee.

maan kee bhee mool prrivatti gaane kee hee thee, jaanavaron ke as‍pataal men safaaee kaa kaam to usane pedrino ke jaane ke baad ghar par faankon ko snbhaalane ke lie kiyaa thaa. ghar par faankon ko snbhaalatee ab bhee kabhee-kabhee jor se gunagunaane lagatee, poonjee poore gaanv ke chak‍kar lagaanaa, is ghar naheen aanaa, haan.. pitaa baahar se bhaage aate bnd karo, tamaaraa, abhee isee vak‍t, tum‍hen gaane ke lie yahee milaa. maan kahatee k‍yaa buraa hai, ghar se baahar chaar log sunenge baat failegee ki is ghar men bhee koee poonjeevaad ke khilaaf hai, varnaa tumane to poore gaanv men naak oonchee kar hee rak‍khee hai.

pitaa ko biraane ke lie maan aur jor se gaatee, s‍thaaneey paartee ke lokapriy mncheey gaane gaatee, fidel duniyaa kahaan jaanaa thaa, tere ras‍te chale tab kaheen apane ko pahachaanaa thaa isee tarah ke gaane aur jaane k‍yaa-k‍yaa utapataang.

pitaa fir baat karanaa bnd kar dete. us din khaanaa naheen khaate. main bhee darakar tab palng ke neeche jaakar naheen chhipataa, haalaanki pedrino ko bataane kee jrurat rahatee hee ki pados men bulito kee bakaree ke judvaan huaa hai aur chhotee vaalee kaa cheharaa to itanaa sundar hai ki pedrino use apanee godee men lene ke lie bhagavaan ke yahaan tak se vaapas chalaa aataa!

pitaa der raat tak g‍vaatemaalaa ke lekhak enarik gomej kaaril‍lo (1873-1927) kaa likhaa padhte hote. apane se baat karate ki tamaaraa kaa kasoor naheen ki vah k‍yon chhotaa sochatee hai. chhote, pichhade samaajon men sndarbh aur chintaaen tak laghukaay banee rahatee hain, saahit‍y kee antarraat‍maa tak uch‍chaakaankshee laksh‍yon kee naheen sochatee, ek ke baad ek thok men kitaab paidaa karatee rahatee hai jisakaa chhote-pichhade samaajon ke tinahaa sndarbhon se baahar, bade saahit‍yaakaash men kaudee bhar mol naheen hotaa..

pitaa naheen, yah enarik gomej kaaril‍lo kaa sochanaa hotaa:

“the maximum celebrity to which a South American author can aspire.. for a writer who is the least bit universal-minded.. (zero, yes!).. the Spanish language is a prison. We can pile up volumes, even find readers, it’s exactly as though (almost like Hindi films in far-off India, yes) we had written nothing: our voice doesn’t carry beyond the bars of our cage! One can’t even say that the terrible wind of the pampas carried it away, it’s worse than that: it vanishes!”

(baakee..)

miros‍laav kralejaa (1893-1981)

kakshaa kee ghntee lagate hee pahalaa kaam huaa ki gilermo, heranaan, amaado, chikitaa, maarisaa sabane hnsate-hnsate des‍k par apanaa grihakaary nikaalakar baahar kiyaa, sauhaardapoorn chuhal men atakate-daudte, maas‍tar kee mej tak apanaa khaataa pahunchaakar aapas kee aanndee fusafusaahaton men majhe-bajhe rahe. jabaki meree ghigghee bndhee thee. maree murgee kee tarah murdaa padee apane khaalee khaate par haath baandhe main apanee maut kee ghadi‍yaan gin rahaa thaa. vaise meraa khaataa pooree tarah khaalee naheen thaa. grihakaary ke nibndh kaa sheershak ‘meraa desh’ kee sughad likhaaee (rngeen khadi‍yaa aur pensil se jise mainne likhaa thaa) ke neeche chool‍he kee jalee lakadee ke kaale se badaa andaa khinchaa huaa thaa (yah gndee putaaee mere pitaa kee 'karatoota' thee). galatee meree hee hai. mujhe madad maangane pitaa ke paas jaanaa hee naheen chaahie thaa. maan bhee jab maanganaa hotaa hai, gaanv ke doosare daravaaje khatakhataatee hai, pitaa se kabhee kahaan maangatee hai. pitaa khud bhee apane se kuchh naheen maangate. lekin khaalee prish‍th ke ooparee his‍se men kaafee mehanat aur tal‍leenataa se sheershak likhane kaa kaam khat‍m karane ke baad ‘meraa desh’ jaise vishay kee amoort bhav‍yataa kee sochate hue mere kamajor maathe ke haath-pair foolane lage the, shaayad iseelie main ghabaraayaa huaa pitaa ke paas gayaa thaa. vaise bhee khidkee par khaalee baithe hue vah baahar ke uchaat khaaleepan ko ghoor rahe the, nibndh kaa sheershak dekhakar ekadam se unakaa paaraa chadh gayaa, bhaagakar chool‍he kee jraa sulagatee lakadee jo vah apanee sigaret jalaane ke lie lekar aaye the, paint kee fatee jeb aur rasoee kee mej par pichhale hafte ke tahaaye akhbaar kaheen bhee jisake n milane par pitaa kaa baavalaapan unakee naak tak chadh aayaa, gus‍se men lakadee vaapas chool‍he men fenkane kee bajaay meraa khaataa kheenchakar, nibndh ke sheershak ke neeche ande kee gndee tas‍veer kheench, khaate ko un‍honne havaa men uchhaal diyaa. main rone lagaa. pitaa uchakakar vaapas khidkee par chadhe badbadaane lage, meraa desh meraa desh, ghntaa kaheen naheen hai meraa desh, mutthee bhar kaamared hain aur dalaal poonjee kaa ek giroh hai, unake beech kaa samajhautaa, unakaa desh hai ye, hamaaraa tum‍haaraa isamen kaheen kuchh naheen hai, te entiyendo, chiko?

magar main naheen samajhaa, rotaa rahaa. ghar par maan hotee to shaayad samajhatee. ghar par maan hotee to shaayad yah haadasaa bhee n ghatataa. magar kaamaredon kee dhamakee ke baad gaanv ke logon ne jab se pitaa se kaam karaanaa bnd kar diyaa hai maan ghar par rahatee kahaan hai. aur jab rahatee hai to aape men naheen rahatee. pitaa kaa kaagaj-pat‍tar uthaakar bhaagatee chool‍he men jalaane jaatee hai, ki sudhar jaao, yaa ek din main hee is chool‍he men koodake jal marungee tab chalaanaa jeevan apanee marjee se, ghar men do chhote-chhote bach‍che hain, aage kee unakee pooree jindagee hai, magar tum kahaan k‍yon chetoge? main chupake se budabudaakar maan ko yaad dilaataa ki do kahaan, ab ek hee hai maan, pedrino to beemaaree aur is ghar kee bhukhamaree men kab kaa kaal-kavalit huaa, magar maan par tootakar girate, usake haathon se apanaa kaagaj chheenane ko jhagadte pitaa ke gus‍se men meree sunavaaee kahaan kisake beech hotee! maal edukaado, myierdaa, me kaago in deeyos ke hal‍le men kabhee pitaa kaa haath jal jaataa, kabhee kuchh kaagaj bach bhee jaate. un‍heen bache kaagajon men se ek purachee thee lithuaaniyan lekhak soliyas kondrotaas ke apanaa yaa maaloom naheen kisakaa desh kee aat‍mas‍veekriti kaa, jise mool lithuaaniyan men padhkar pitaa sunaa rahe the, main purchagaalee tarjume men use naheen samajhane kee ji‍d kar rahaa thaa, “I do not believe that one can escape one’s origins. I am obviously not a patriot; I do not care about the fate of Lithuanians.. and yet I cannot stand completely outside. I cannot escape the fact of being Lithuanian. I speak Lithuanian; I also believe that I think Lithuanian.”

itanaa padhkar pitaa fir udaas ho gae. baahar ke nichaat khaaleepane men aankhen gadaaye bakate rahe. uthate-baithate, chaar logon ke beech hnsate, kisee kee maranee men chot khaaye daaru peekar pahunche tum desh kee naheen sochate, jeevan ke chaar pal chain se kaise nikal jaayen kee chintaa men rahate ho, magar yah desh jo tum‍haare khoon men ghusaa dham‍m dham‍m bajataa rahataa hai usako tum kis nibndh men likhoge, kaise likhoge, vo sidee maas‍tar tum‍haaraa k‍yaa samajhegaa? mirosalaav kralejaa tak is gaharee gut‍thee, raash‍treeyataa kaa k‍yaa samooh hai, isake beech kaise gum hain ham kee koee vaajib pahachaan kar paaye the? naheen, aah bharate the aur deevaanee pnktiyaan likhate the!

“(It’s just) a nostalgia born of pure subjectivity, the recollection of youth that is long past! Memories of military service, of flags, war, the sound of the bugle, uniforms, the days of yesteryear, memories of carnival and of bloody fighting, a whole theatre of memory that seems much more interesting than the reality. Nationality consists in large measure of the dreams of individuals who imagine a better life here below; for an intellectual, it is a childhood completely filled with books, poems, and works of art, books read and paintings contemplated, wild imaginings, conventional lies, prejudices, very often an incredibly acute perception of stupidity, and an unspeakable quantity of blank pages. Nationality, in bad, patriotic, sentimental, maudlin poetry, consists of women, mothers, childhood, cows, pastures, prairies, a material condition into which we are born, a miserable, backward patriarchal state in which illiteracy is mixed with moonlight.. Children learn from their fathers what their father learned according to the law of tradition, namely that their own nation is ‘great’, that it is ‘glorious’, or that it is ‘unhappy and weighed down’, imprisoned, duped, exploited, and so on.”

(baakee..)